About this data

Source: Births and deaths: ONS, National Records of Scotland and NISRA; net migration: ONS, Long-term international migration

• Calendar years. Births minus deaths uses births to mothers living in each UK nation and deaths registered in the year; Northern Ireland's 2025 figures are provisional.
• Net migration up to 2011 is from ONS's earlier, survey-based method; from 2012, from its current method, based mainly on administrative data. The two aren't directly comparable. Estimates for 2025 are provisional.
• The two together don't exactly match the change in ONS's mid-year population estimates, which run from June to June and include other adjustments.

This chart appears in Population growth.