About this data

Source: Luxembourg Income Study, via Our World in Data (Gini); World Inequality Database (top shares)

• The Gini coefficients come from the Luxembourg Income Study, which harmonises household surveys so countries can be compared; they differ slightly from each country's own figures. Surveys are only available every few years for many countries.
• Pre-tax national income includes all income from work and wealth (including income that isn't paid out to households, such as company profits that are kept and reinvested), before taxes and benefits but after pensions. Shares are of income among adults, with income split equally between couples. Before 1980, estimates are based mainly on income tax records.
• Net personal wealth is the value of all assets, such as housing, pensions, shares and savings, minus debts. Shares are among adults, with wealth split equally between couples. Historical estimates are based mainly on records of wealth left at death (estate tax records).

This chart appears in Inequality.