About this data

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023 (Bolt and van Zanden), via Our World in Data

• International dollars adjust for differences in prices between countries (purchasing power parity, PPP), so each dollar buys about the same amount everywhere.
• The Maddison Project brings together historical estimates by many researchers. Figures for the 1800s are much less certain than recent ones, and some countries have gaps.
• Its figures differ from the World Bank's, which use more recent prices (2021).

This chart appears in Economic growth and productivity.