About this data

Source: Bank of England, A millennium of macroeconomic data for the UK (version 3.1); ONS, Quarterly national accounts, UK: April to June 2026

• Each decade's growth is the average yearly (compound) growth from the last year of the previous decade to the last year of the decade: the 1990s are 1989 to 1999.
• Before 1948, the series follows the Bank of England's historical estimates, scaled to meet ONS's figures in 1948; from 1948, it is ONS's. Estimates for earlier centuries are reconstructed from historical records, so they are much less certain than modern figures.
• GDP per person is for England before 1700, so per person growth starts in the 1700s.

This chart appears in Economic growth and productivity.