About this data

Source: ONS, Births in England and Wales: 2025; National Records of Scotland (NRS), Vital Events 2025; NISRA, Registrar General Annual Report 2024; ONS, Vital statistics in the UK

• The total fertility rate is the average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime if she experienced the birth rates of each age group in that year. It is a summary of a single year's birth rates, not a count of how many children women actually have.
• England and Wales: calculated from ONS's rates by five-year age group, 1938–2025; these match ONS's published rates within 0.02 in 1946–2011. Scotland: NRS, from 1971. Northern Ireland: ONS to 1984, NISRA from 1985; Northern Ireland's 2025 rate is not yet published.
• In 2025, the rate was 1.39 in England and 1.33 in Wales.

This chart appears in Births and fertility rates.